資料編號: | HK-3440 |
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異名: | LEGUMINOSAE |
植物科名: (APG新系統) | FABACEAE豆科 [找同科植物] |
標室舊系統 | N.A.[找同科] |
特別特徵: | 葉互生 |
資料更新: | 20210620 09:06:21 am |
備註: FOC:Leaves alternate or rarely opposite 本科可分為六個亞科: 蘇木亞科 Caesalpinioideae(包含含羞草亞科 Mimosoideae 例如:鳳凰木、黃槐、相思樹、合歡) 紫荊亞科 Cercidoideae(例如:紫荊) 甘豆亞科 Detarioideae 摘亞木亞科 Dialioideae 山姜豆亞科 Duparquetioideae 蝶形花亞科 Faboideae(例如:各種豆類) 根據國際期刊TAXON在2017年正式將豆科分6個亞科,包括:紫荊亞科(Cercidoideae)、甘豆亞科(Detarioideae)、山薑豆亞科(Duparquetioideae)、酸欖豆亞科(Dialioideae)、蘇木亞科(Caesalpinioideae) (包含早期的含羞草亞科)、蝶形花亞科(Papilionoideae) link 豆科(亞科: 蝶形花亞科, 蘇木亞科, 含羞草亞科, 香港是分成三個獨立科) 口訣:豆科獨特具莢果, 蝶形花多亦可誇. 二體雄蕊多複葉, 托葉葉枕不分家 葉互生, 多為複葉, 有托葉. 花兩性, 輻射或兩側對稱; 多數為蝶形花; 雄蕊10, 二體. 豆科名字來自蠶豆學名 Vicia faba ,Faba之意即豆,蠶豆屬亦是豆科及蝶形花亞科的模式屬。一個重要特點是絕大部分在根繫上具有共生的根瘤菌,可以將大氣中的氮固定到土壤中,從而提高土壤的肥力 (有固氮作用)。 FOC: Trees, shrubs, or herbs, sometimes climbing or decumbent, very often bearing root-nodules that harbor nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, pinnate or bipinnate, less often palmately compound or 3-foliolate, seldom 1-foliolate or simple, or modified into narrow phyllodes; petiole present or absent; stipules and stipels present or absent, sometimes stipules developed into spines. Flowers bisexual, rarely unisexual, actinomorphic (Mimosoideae), ± zygomorphic (Caesalpinioideae) to very zygomorphic (Papilionoideae), mostly in racemes, corymbs, spikes, heads, or panicles. Sepals (3-)5(or 6), free or connate into a tube, sometimes bilabiate, rarely reduced or obsolete. Petals (0-)5(or 6), usually isomerous with sepals, seldom fewer or none, imbricate or valvate, distinct and often highly differentiated into papilionaceous corolla: upper petal (standard) outermost, 2 lateral petals (wings) ± parallel with each other, lower 2 innermost petals usually connate by their lower margins and forming a keel. Stamens mostly 10, sometimes fewer or more numerous, distinct or often connate by their filaments to form a closed or open sheath, monadelphous or diadelphous, anther 2-locular, opening lengthwise or by pores, uniform or dimorphic and then alternately basifixed and dorsifixed; pollen simple or compound. Gynoecium nearly always of a solitary carpel (rarely 2 or more distinct carpels); ovary superior, 1-locular or sometimes transversely, rarely longitudinally septate; ovules 1 to numerous, inserted on adaxial suture. Legumes dehiscent by one or both sutures, or indehiscent, sometimes winged, sometimes jointed and breaking up into 1-seeded segments. Seeds without or with very scanty endosperm, sometimes strophiolate. | |
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