資料編號: | HK-5569 |
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中文名稱: | 蕈樹屬(SPP) |
學名: | Altingia spp. [找同屬植物] |
植物科名: (APG新系統) | ALTINGIACEAE楓香科 [找同科植物] |
標室舊系統 | HAMAMELIDACEAE金縷梅科[找同科] |
生長習性: | 喬木 |
特別特徵: | 單葉互生 |
資料更新: | 20230129 10:46:46 am |
備註: wiki: 楓香科是一個小科,只有3屬18種,都是喬木,分佈在亞洲和美洲,中國有所有的3屬17種,只有一種北美楓香原產於美洲。以前的分類法將這三屬分在金縷梅科內。 1998年根據基因親緣關係分類的APG 分類法將這些屬單獨列為一科,屬於虎耳草目。 本科植物,葉子類似楓樹,一般都可以提取樹脂和香料,所以得名。 楓香樹因其外形類似楓樹,常被與其混同起來,舊學名誤為楓科 楓屬,現已更正為楓香科 楓香樹屬。 蕈樹屬Altingia(11種,生長在東南亞) 楓香樹屬Liquidambar(共4種,2種生長在東亞,1種生長在西亞,1種生長在美洲) 半楓荷屬Semiliquidambar(3種,都生長在中國) 深圳植物誌: 常綠喬木。頂芽長卵形或卵球形,具鱗片。單葉互生,具葉柄;托葉小,早落或與葉柄貼生;葉片革質,卵形、倒卵形至披針形,邊緣全緣或有鋸齒,具羽狀脈。 花單性,雌雄同株,無花瓣。雄花:多朵組成頭狀或短穗狀花序,由多個頭狀花序再排列成頂生或近頂生的圓錐花序;每朵花基部有苞片1—4片;雄蕊4至多數,花絲極短或無花絲,花藥倒卵形,先端截形,2室,縱裂;雌花:5—30朵排列成頭狀花序;總苞片3—4;具長的花序梗;退化雄蕊針狀或無;子房半下位,2室,每室有胚珠30—50顆,中軸胎座,多數,花柱2,鑽狀,分叉,外彎,柱頭具乳頭狀突起,果時脫落或基部部分宿存。果序球形或近球形,基部截形;蒴果木質,室間開裂為2瓣,每瓣2淺裂,無宿存退化雄蕊。種子多數,著生於胎座基部的種子能育,多邊形,扁平,周邊或僅頂端具窄翅,著生於胎座上部的種子不育,不規則多邊形,無翅,種皮厚而硬,胚乳薄。 FOC: Trees, evergreen; terminal buds perulate, narrowly ovoid. Leaves petiolate; stipules usually present, minute, caducous or connate with petiole, leaving small scars; leaf blade lanceolate to ovate or obovate, leathery, discolorous, margin usually crenate-serrate, occasionally entire, venation pinnate. Plants monoecious. Male inflorescence a globose to shortly cylindrical, pedunculate, many-flowered, head, grouped in terminal or subterminal, compound racemes or panicles; each flower with 1–4 basal bracts. Female inflorescences capitate, subterminal or in lower part of male inflorescence, long-pedunculate, 5–30-flowered. Flowers unisexual. Sepals and petals absent. Male flowers: stamens (4 to) many; filaments very short or absent; anthers obovate-ovoid, thecae 2-sporangiate, each dehiscing by a longitudinal slit or rudimentary valve, apex truncate. Female flowers: staminodes (also interpreted as carpellodes) absent or needlelike; ovary semi-inferior; ovules ca. 30–50 per locule, axile; styles subulate, divergent, often strongly recurved; stigmas papillose, caducous or basal parts persistent in fruit. Infructescences globose, base truncate. Capsules woody, dehiscing loculicidally by two 2-lobed valves; staminode teeth and styles not persistent. Seeds many, upper ones sterile, wingless; one or a few lower ones fertile, flattened, narrowly winged along margin or only at apex; seed coat thick and hard; endosperm thin. | |
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