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資料編號: | HK-6969 |
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中文名稱: | 黑殼楠 |
中文別名: | 大葉釣樟_大香葉樹 |
學名: | Lindera megaphylla [找同屬植物] | [完整學名] |
英文名稱: | Large-leaved Spicebush |
植物科名: (APG新系統) | LAURACEAE樟科 [找同科植物] |
標室舊系統 | LAURACEAE樟科[找同科] |
生長習性: | 常綠喬木 |
原生/外來: | 香港原生植物 |
特別特徵: | 單葉互生_葉多近枝頂聚生 |
資料更新: | 20230218 12:25:15 am |
備註: Thanks Crawford's info: 枝條散佈凸起的近圓形縱裂皮孔。葉互生,多聚生枝端,倒披針形至倒卵狀長圓形,長10-23cm,上面深綠色,有光澤,下面淡綠蒼白色;羽狀脈;頂芽,卵形,長1.5cm,芽鱗外面被白色微柔毛 花單性,雌雄異株;花序長於腋生縮短枝上(約2mm) ;聚傘花序,緊縮成近傘形,總梗明顯,雌花序總梗長6mm。 屬名Lindera(山胡椒屬)是為紀念瑞典植物學家Johan Lindestolpe (1676–1724), 而以他名字將這屬植物命名為 Lindera。種名megaphylla 就有大 (mega) 葉 (phylla)的意思。近年有不少研究指出現時的Lindera 山胡椒屬 為多系群,認為跟Laurus 月桂屬、Litsea 木薑子屬間有密切的關係,其中部分物種甚至其實比較親近Actinodaphne 黃肉楠屬 跟Neolitsea 新木薑子屬。 娃娃手記: 山胡椒屬的葉序除了黑殼楠 L. megaphylla之外,一般都為二列互生。 黑殼楠: 繖形花序雌花12朵 ; 側脈數15-21對 滇粵山胡椒: 繖形花序雌花4-8朵;側脈數5-10對 黑殼跟滇粵嗰條有花的小枝,之後會長長變正常枝條 絨毛跟香葉既有花小枝唔會長長 thanks Crawford's info FOC: Trees evergreen, 3-15(-25) m tall, more than 35 cm d.b.h. Bark gray-black. Branchlets terete, robust, purple-black, glabrous or pubescent, with subrounded and longitudinally dehiscent lenticels. Terminal bud ovate, ca. 1.5 cm; bud scales white puberulent outside. Leaves alternate; petiole 1.5-3 cm, glabrous or pubescent; leaf blade green and shiny abaxially, greenish white adaxially, oblanceolate to obovate-oblong, sometimes narrowly ovate, 10-23 cm, leathery, glabrous on both surfaces or laxly or densely pubescent abaxially, later glabrate, pinninerved, lateral veins 15-21 pairs, base attenuate, apex acute or acuminate. Umbel inserted in both sides of short branchlet, many flowered[繖形花序多花], with 16 male flowers and 12 female flowers; short branchlets axillary, ca. 3.5 mm, with terminal bud; peduncles of male inflorescence 1-1.5 cm and of female inflorescence ca. 6 mm [雄花序總梗長1- 1.5厘米,雌花序總梗長6毫米], both densely yellow-brown or nearly ferruginous puberulent. Male flowers yellow-green, ca. 6 mm, pedicellate; tepals 6, elliptic, outer 3 ca. 4.5 × 2.8 mm, laxly yellow-brown puberulent on lower and abaxial parts, inner 3 rather short; filaments laxly pubescent, 2-glandular at base in 3rd whorl; glands funnelform, ca. 2 mm, stipitate; reduced pistil ca. 2.5 mm, glabrous; ovary ovate; style slender; stigma indistinct. Female flowers yellow-green, 1.5-3 mm, pedicellate, densely yellow-brown pubescent; tepals 6, linear-spatulate, ca. 2.5 × 1 mm, yellow-brown pubescent outside on lower part or along keel; reduced stamens 9; anthers linear or clavate, barbate at base, 2-glandular at middle of filament in 3rd whorl; glands funnelform; ovary ovate, ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous; style very slender, ca. 4.5 mm; stigma peltate, papillose. Fruit ellipsoid or ovate, ca. 1.8 × 1.3 cm, purple-black at maturity, glabrous; stipes ca. 1.5 cm, scabrous; persistent hypocarpium cup-shaped, ca. 8 mm × 1.5 cm, entire, slightly sinuous. Fl. Feb-Apr, fr. Sep-Dec. Two sympatric forms have been recognized: f. megaphylla, with branchlets and leaf blade glabrous, and f. touyunensis (毛黑殼楠), with branchlets and leaf blade ± pubescent, later at least slightly pubescent on the veins. 中國植物誌: f. megaphylla 原種 常綠喬木,高3-15(25)米,胸徑達35厘米以上,樹皮灰黑色。枝條圓柱形,粗壯,紫黑色,無毛,散佈有木栓質凸起的近圓形縱裂皮孔。頂芽大,卵形,長1.5厘米,芽鱗外面被白色微柔毛。葉互生,倒披針形至倒卵狀長圓形,有時長卵形,長10-23厘米,先端急尖或漸尖,基部漸狹,革質,上面深綠色,有光澤,下面淡綠蒼白色,兩面無毛;羽狀脈,側脈每邊15-21條;葉柄長1.5-3厘米,無毛。 繖形花序多花,雄的多達16朵,雌的12朵,通常著生於葉腋長3.5毫米具頂芽的短枝上,兩側各1,具總梗;雄花序總梗長1- 1.5厘米,雌花序總梗長6毫米,兩者均密被黃褐色或有時近銹色微柔毛,內面無毛。雄花黃綠色,具梗;花梗長約6毫米,密被黃褐色柔毛;花被片6,橢圓形,外輪長4.5毫米,寬2.8毫米,外面僅下部或背部略被黃褐色小柔毛,內輪略短;花絲被疏柔毛,第三輪的基部有二個長達2毫米具柄的三角漏斗形腺體;退化雌蕊長約2.5毫米,無毛;子房卵形,花柱纖細,柱頭不明顯。雌花黃綠色,花梗長1.5-3毫米,密被黃褐色柔毛;花被片6,線狀匙形,長2.5毫米,寬僅1毫米,外面僅下部或略沿脊部被黃褐色柔毛,內面無毛;退化雄蕊9,線形或棍棒形,基部具髯毛,第三輪的中部有二個具柄三角漏斗形腺體;子房卵形,長1.5毫米,無毛,花柱極纖細,長4.5毫米,柱頭盾形,具乳突。果橢圓形至卵形,長約1.8厘米,寬約1.3厘米,成熟時紫黑色,無毛,果梗長1.5厘米,向上漸粗壯,粗糙,散佈有明顯栓皮質皮孔;宿存果托杯狀,長約8毫米,直徑達1.5厘米,全緣,略成微波狀。花期2-4月,果期9-12月。 FoHK: Evergreen tree, 3 –15 m tall. Branches terete, stout, usually purplish black, minutely pubescent to glabrous, sparsely lenticellate. Leaves alternate or often crowded towards apex of branchlets; petioles 1.5–3 cm, glabrous; leaf blade leathery, oblanceolate to obovateoblong, 10 –23 × 2– 6 cm, base attenuate to cuneate, apex acute or acuminate, green and shining adaxially, pale greenish to glaucous abaxially, glabrous on both surfaces, pinnately veined, lateral veins 15 –21 on each side of midvein. Umbels many-flowered, usually borne on axillary spurs. Peduncles of male umbels 1–1.5 cm, those of pistillate umbels 6 mm, all tawny puberulous. Perianth-lobes 6, ± tawny puberulous at base abaxially. Fruit ellipsoid to ovoid, ca. 1.8 × ca. 1.3 cm, glabrous, purplish black at maturity; fruiting pedicels ca. 1.5 cm long, thickened upwards. Ecology: Forests and thickets on slopes or in valleys. Flowering: Feb.–Apr.; fruiting: Sep.–Dec | |
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