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資料編號: | HK-804 |
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中文名稱: | 含羞草 |
學名: | Mimosa pudica [找同屬植物] |
英文名稱: | Sensitive Plant |
植物科名: (APG新系統) | FABACEAE豆科 [找同科植物] |
標室舊系統 | MIMOSACEAE含羞草科[找同科] |
生長習性: | 草本 |
原生/外來: | 外來植物 |
圖片花色: | purple |
發現開花: | March_April_May_June July_Aug_Sept_Oc |
特別特徵: | 有子葉圖片_常見植物_二回羽狀複葉互生_枝幹有刺 |
資料更新: | 20210829 12:06:48 am |
備註: 花期三月 至 十月 果期五月 至 十一月 含羞草: 羽片兩對 巴西含羞草: 羽片超過兩對 資料來源:小樹林自然教育 Little Woods Nature Education (Facebook link) 假如子女問我「為甚麼含羞草會合起來?」 當我們觸摸含羞草的葉子時,它們會迅速合起,這雖然很好玩,但含羞草有這般獨特的行為,不會是為了娛樂大家吧?原來,科學家估計含羞草葉子受觸碰或搖動後會合起,能夠減少草食動物的捕食,因為: 1.葉子合起時會嚇走捕食者; 2.葉子合起看起來小了,捕食者覺得沒有甚麼東西可吃,便不吃了; 3.葉子合起和垂落時,能顯露出枝條上的尖刺,趕走捕食者。 至於含羞草的葉子如何合起來,那就牽涉到連串生物化學反應,簡單來說,含羞草的小葉和葉柄基部有個叫「葉枕」的部位,平日葉枕細胞裡面充滿水分,產生一股壓力,撐開葉子。當葉子受刺激時,葉枕細胞就會失水,葉子無法撐起自己,就會閉合,甚至垂下。其實,含羞草開開合合要花費一定能量,所以大朋友小朋友可別不停騷擾它們啊! 參考:Braam, J. (2004). In touch: plant responses to mechanical stimuli. New Phytologist, 165(2), 373–389. FOC: Herbs, diffuse, shrubby, to 1 m tall. Stems cylindric, branched, with reflexed bristles and scattered, curved prickles. Stipules lanceolate, 5-10 mm, bristly; pinnae and leaflets sensitive; pinnae usually 2 pairs, digitate, 3-8 cm; leaflets 10-20 pairs, linear-lanceolate, 6-15 × 1.5-3 mm, abaxially slightly hispid, adaxially glabrous, margin ciliate, apex acute. Heads solitary or 2, axillary, globose, ca. 1 cm in diam.; peduncle long; bracts linear. Flowers numerous, pink, small. Calyx minute. Corolla campanulate; lobes outside pubescent. Stamens 4, exserted. Ovary shortly stipitate, glabrous; ovules 3 or 4; style filiform; stigma small. Legumes arranged in a star, slightly recurved, flat, oblong, 1-2 cm × ca. 5 mm, consisting of 3-5 1-seeded segments which fall away from persistent, bristly sutures. Seeds light brown, ovoid, ca. 3.5 mm. Fl. Mar-Oct, fr. May-Nov. This plant is grown as an ornamental and used medicinally as a sedative and sleep aid. | |
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