资料库编号: Database ID: |
MY-10366 |
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中文名称: Chinese Name: |
罂粟 |
学名: Scientific Name: | Papaver somniferum [找同属植物] |
学名2: Syn. Scientific Name: | Papaver nigrum Garsault |
英文名称: English Name: | Opium poppy |
英文別名: | Breadseed poppy |
植物科名: Family Name: | 罂粟科 Papaveraceae [找同科植物] |
生长习性: Living Behavior | 一年生草本 |
图片花色: | 白_white_红_red_粉红_pink_紫_purple |
生长环境: Living Environment: | 拍摄于日本 |
原产地: | 马卡罗尼西亚、地中海西部、地中海中部 |
输入时间: Input Time: | 201805 |
Remarks: 维基百科: 罂粟,即鸦片罂粟,是罂粟科植物,是制取鸦片的主要原料,同时其提取物也是多种镇静剂的来源,如吗啡、蒂巴因、可待因、罂粟碱、那可丁。学名“somniferum”的意思是“催眠”,反映出其具有麻醉性。 中国植物志: 一年生草本,无毛或稀在植株下部或总花梗上被极少的刚毛,高30-60 (-100)厘米,栽培者可达1.5米。主根近圆锥状,垂直。茎直立,不分枝,无毛,具白粉。叶互生,叶片卵形或长卵形,长7-25厘米,先端渐尖至钝,基部心形,边缘为不规则的波状锯齿,两面无毛,具白粉,叶脉明显,略突起;下部叶具短柄,上部叶无柄、抱茎。花单生;花梗长达25厘米,无毛或稀散生刚毛。花蕾卵圆状长圆形或宽卵形,长1.5-3.5厘米,宽1-3厘米,无毛;萼片2,宽卵形,绿色,边缘膜质;花瓣4,近圆形或近扇形,长4-7厘米,宽3-11厘米,边缘浅波状或各式分裂,白色、粉红色、红色、紫色或杂色;雄蕊多数,花丝线形,长1-1.5厘米,白色,花药长圆形,长3-6毫米,淡黄色;子房球形,直径1-2厘米,绿色,无毛,柱头(5-)8-12(-18),辐射状,连合成扁平的盘状体,盘边缘深裂,裂片具细圆齿。蒴果球形或长圆状椭圆形,长4-7厘米,直径4-5厘米,无毛,成熟时褐色。种子多数,黑色或深灰色,表面呈蜂窝状。花果期3-11月。 原产南欧,我国许多地区有关药物研究单位有栽培。印度、缅甸、老挝及泰国北部也有栽培。 花大,色艳,重瓣的栽培品种为庭园观赏植物。未成熟果实含乳白色浆液,制干后即为鸦片,和果壳均含吗啡、可待因、罂粟碱等多种生物碱,加工入药,有敛肺、涩肠、止咳、止痛和催眠等功效,治久咳、久泻、久痢、脱肛、心腹筋骨诸痛;种子榨油可供食用。 Wikipedia: Papaver somniferum has one accepted subspecies, Papaver somniferum subsp. setigerum (DC.) Arcang. It also has many varieties and cultivars. Colors of the flowers vary widely, as do other physical characteristics, such as number and shape of petals, number of flowers and fruits, number of seeds, color of seeds, production of opium, etc. Papaver somniferum Paeoniflorum Group (sometimes called Papaver paeoniflorum,) is a subtype of opium poppy whose flowers are highly double, and are grown in many colors. P. somniferum Laciniatum Group (sometimes called Papaver laciniatum,) is a subtype of opium poppy whose flowers are highly double and deeply lobed, to the point of looking like a ruffly pom-pom. | |
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